Biostatistics and epidemiology
Trial designs: parallel, crossover, factorial, cluster and non-inferiority
When to use parallel, crossover, factorial, cluster and adaptive designs, the cluster design effect, and how to read a non-inferiority result against its margin.
Tier 1Medical sciences concept
Written with AI assistance and fact-checked against the sources below. For exam study, not clinical decisions. How notes are made
Loading the rest of the note…
Finished reading?
Sources
- CONSORT 2025 statement: updated guideline for reporting randomised trialsBMJ (Hopewell et al., 2025), 2025
- Reporting of noninferiority and equivalence randomized trials: extension of the CONSORT 2010 statementJAMA (Piaggio et al., 2012;308:2594-604)
- CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to cluster randomised trialsBMJ (Campbell et al., 2012;345:e5661)
- Non-inferiority clinical trials to establish effectiveness: guidance for industryUS Food and Drug Administration, 2016
- ICH E9 Statistical principles for clinical trialsInternational Council for Harmonisation (adopted by the TGA)
- Points to consider on switching between superiority and non-inferiority (CPMP/EWP/482/99)European Medicines Agency, 2000
- Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2Lancet (ISIS-2 Collaborative Group, 1988;2:349-60)
- Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation (RE-LY)NEJM (Connolly et al., 2009;361:1139-51)
- Last updated
- 14 November 2026
What changed
- 14 November 2026 Personal emails, About story and Australian-style copy