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Respiratory and sleep medicine

Insomnia

Diagnosing chronic insomnia, screening for comorbid sleep apnoea and other causes, CBT-I as first-line treatment, where sleep hygiene fits, and the limited, careful role of hypnotics.

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At a glance

  • Chronic insomnia affects about 1 in 10 adults. It raises the risk of depression, anxiety and car crashes, and worsens chronic pain.
  • It is a disorder in its own right, not just a symptom. Treat it even when depression, pain or another condition coexists.
  • CBT-I is first line in every major guideline (AASM 2021, ACP 2016, European 2023). Hypnotics are a short-term adjunct.

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Sources

Last updated
14 November 2026
What changed
  • 14 November 2026 Personal emails, About story and Australian-style copy

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