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Rheumatology

Systemic lupus erythematosus

The 2019 EULAR/ACR classification, which antibodies mean what, organ manifestations, hydroxychloroquine for all and prednisolone at 5 mg or less, early steroid-sparing therapy with belimumab or anifrolumab (PBS), LLDAS targets, pregnancy and the infection trap, updated to the 2025 ACR guideline.

Tier 1Condition

Written with AI assistance and fact-checked against the sources below. For exam study, not clinical decisions. How notes are made

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At a glance

  • A multisystem autoimmune disease of immune complexes and type I interferon. Women outnumber men about 9 to 1, onset mostly 15 to 45.
  • Australian prevalence is around 77 to 127 per 100,000 in linked national data (2026), higher than older estimates. Disease is commoner and more severe in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, Asian and Pacific Islander people.
  • Hydroxychloroquine for everyone. Prednisolone tapered to 5 mg or less and stopped where possible. Start steroid-sparing therapy early.

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Last updated
14 November 2026
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