HIV infection
Who to test, recognising primary HIV, the fourth-generation test and its window period, baseline work-up, rapid ART with integrase-based regimens, monitoring and virological failure, comorbidity care, U=U, PrEP and PEP in Australia.
Tier 2Condition
Written with AI assistance and fact-checked against the sources below. For exam study, not clinical decisions. How notes are made
At a glance
- Australia had 757 new HIV diagnoses in 2024, 27% fewer than in 2015. About 38% are late (CD4 under 350 cells/µL), with the highest proportions in people born in Southeast Asia, Oceania outside Australia and sub-Saharan Africa, and in heterosexual people (Kirby Institute 2025).
- Test widely. HIV is a treatable chronic illness, and most late diagnoses had earlier missed opportunities.
- Treatment is rapid ART for everyone, usually a single daily integrase-based tablet. Life expectancy on suppressive ART approaches normal.
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Sources
- ASHM HIV Guidelines: Adult antiretroviral guidelines (Australian commentary), PrEP guidelines 2025 and National PEP guidelines (4th edition, 2025)AU/NZASHM (Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine), Unified online site, checked November 2026
- National PrEP Guidelines 2025AU/NZASHM, 2025
- TGA approves registration of lenacapavir for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV (Yeytuo)AU/NZTherapeutic Goods Administration, Decision 17 December 2025, published 9 January 2026
- HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia: Annual Surveillance Report 2025 (HIV)AU/NZKirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, 2025
- Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents with HIVUS Department of Health and Human Services Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines, updated 24 September 2026
- INSIGHT START Study Group. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy in early asymptomatic HIV infection. N Engl J Med 2015;373:795-807New England Journal of Medicine, 2015
- Rodger AJ et al. Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (PARTNER2). Lancet 2019;393:2428-38The Lancet, 2019
- Grinspoon SK et al. Pitavastatin to prevent cardiovascular disease in HIV infection (REPRIEVE). N Engl J Med 2023;389:687-99New England Journal of Medicine, 2023
- Last updated
- 14 November 2026
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